职称英语真题《卫生C》浏览判定精选题

　　2017年职称英语测验温习已起头，为了让大师领会职称英语测验难易水平，上面是yjbys网小编供给给大师对于职称英语真题《卫生C》浏览判定精选题，但愿对大师的备考有所赞助。

　　职称英语真题《卫生C》浏览判定题 1

　　Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health

　　Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). The reminder is part of the academys EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.

　　"Many eye diseases progress without any waming sings," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. One of the hardest adjustments a person can make is adapting to life with permanent vision loss. That is why nothing replaces a comprehensive baseline eye exam."

　　Based on the findings from the initial screening, an ophthalmologist will create a schedule forfollow-up eye exams.

　　People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or at high risk due to family history,diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with their ophthalmologist to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.

　　By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

　　Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.

　　But many Americans are unconcemed about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concemed about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.

　　16. Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. In Dr. Stephanie Marioneauxs opinion, eye diseases progress by warning signs.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Gradual changes in vision can affect ones thought.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　谜底与剖析

　　16.A。题干：按照美国眼科学会的说法。每一小我都须要在40岁时停止基线眼睛查抄，操纵题干关头词40和American Academy of Ophthalmology能够定位到文章第一段，由此可知按照美国眼科学会的说法，即便是不任何病症和危险身分的人也能够会遭受失明，是以须要在40岁时停止基线眼睛的查抄。题干所述与原文信息分歧，故该题谜底为A。

　　17.B。题干：按照Stephanie Marioneaux的概念，眼睛疾病的发生城市有正告病症。操纵题干关头词Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux和warning sign能够定位到文章第二段第一句，意为“很多眼睛疾病的发生都不正告病症”，以是题干所述与原文信息不分歧，故该题谜底为B。

　　18.C。题干：视觉的逐步变更会影响一小我的.思惟。操纵题干关头词Gradual changes和affect thought能够定位到文章第二段第二句，意为“视觉的逐步变更会影响你机体功效的自力阐扬和会影响你对本身才能的信息”，可是并未说起对思惟的影响，故该题谜底为C。

　　19.A。题干：后续眼睛查抄的支配要按照最初检测的成果停止支配。操纵题干关头词follow-up eye exams和initial screenin9能够定位到第三段，可知基于后期查抄的成果，眼科专家会为后续的查抄拟定支配。由此可知题干所述与原文信息分歧，故该题谜底为A。

　　20.B。题干：只要糖尿病和高血压的白叟应当征询眼科医师。操纵题干关头词diabetes和high blood pressure能够定位到第四段，可知任何春秋段的有眼疾病症的人或由于家属史、糖尿病或高血压而处于危险当中的人都应征询眼科专家来决议他们停止眼部查抄的频次，以是题干所述与原文信息不分歧，故该题谜底为B。

　　21.A。题干：白内障和青光眼与春秋有关。操纵题干关头词Cataracts和glaucoma能够定位到最五段第一句，意为“到2020年，约4300万美国人将会有失明和变成瞽者的危险，由于那些与年数有关的眼疾，诸如白内障、青光眼等”。由此可知题干所述与原文信息分歧，以是该题谜底为A。

　　22.B。题干：大都美国人对失明危险的存眷多于对体重增添的存眷。操纵题干关头词risk of vision loss和标题题目挨次能够定位到最初一段的第一句，可知大都的美国人并不存眷失明的危险，以是题干所述与原文信息不分歧，故该题谜底为B。

　　职称英语真题《卫生C》浏览判定题 2

　　One of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine3. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV4 starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug does not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it.

　　International medical guidelines call for5 pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor countries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been Used al. one, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half.

　　The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine. This renders the drug less effective in later combinations for treating women after their baby is born. But the new study from Botswana shows that nevirapine can make a comeback for these women if they wait until the resistance subsides.

　　“The further out you get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine, the less detectable nevirapine resistance is6,” said Shahin Lockman of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston7. She says waiting period for women who get the single dose of nevirapine at delivery can be as short as six months. “If they started nevirapine-based treatment six or more months after nevirapine exposure, their treatment response8 was just as good, and really quite high, compared to women who did not have the single dose of nevirapine,” she added. “However, the women who started nevirapine-based treatment within six months of that nevirapine exposure were much more likely to experience treatment failure.”

　　The study published in the New England Journal oJ Medicine9 shows that waiting at least six months means that HIV-positive women are 70 percent more likely to benefit from nevirapine-based drug combinations again than women who get them sooner. An official with the U.S. government health agency that helped fund the study calls it very important.

　　I.ynne Mofenson is chief of research on child, adolescent, and maternal AIDS at the U. S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development10. She says the finding supports a World Health Organization (WHO)H recommendation restricting a single dose of nevirapine only to pregnant HIV-infected women who are healthy enough to wait six months after childbirth for more nevirapine-based therapy. Otherwise, they should get other drugs during labor. “It shows the importance of screening women for treatment while they are pregnant and putting them on appropriate therapy while they are pregnant to avoid having to start them too soon after they received preventive therapy,” she explained.

　　Shahin Lockman in Boston says the problem of nevirapine resistance should diminish now that12 more and more people are receiving combinations of AIDS drugs under expanded U. S. and international programs to deliver them to Africa and other regions hard hit by the virus.

　　操练：

　　1. What effect does nevirapine have?

　　A. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.

　　B. It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.

　　C. It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.

　　D. It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.

　　2. Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?

　　A. Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.

　　B. Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.

　　C. Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.

　　D. Because there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.

　　3. When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery ?

　　A. She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.

　　B. She may start nevirapine-based treatment within six months after her delivery.

　　C. She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.

　　D. She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.

　　4. We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine

　　A. lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.

　　B. will last forever in a woman who took nevirapine.

　　C. is a terrible drug that must be banned at once.

　　D. is a problem too difficult to be solved.

　　5. Generally speaking, the authors attitude towards the use of nevirapine is

　　A. negative

　　B. positive

　　C. uncertain

　　D. doubtful

　　谜底与题解：

　　1.D 第一段第一句落第二段第二句均提到nevirapine能够避免母亲在临蓐时将HIV病毒沾染给重生儿的题目，故D项是准确谜底。

　　2.C 第三段第一句说，即便零丁操纵nevirapine一次，HIV病毒也会很快发生对nevirapine的抗药性，缘由便是不其余药物能够杀死nevirapine还不杀死的病毒颗粒，这恰是C项的内容。

　　3.C 第四段第二句说到，期待的时候最短可到六个月，第五段第一句又说，起码期待六个月的妇女，她们以nevirapine为主的药物综合医治的疗效要比期待缺乏六个月的妇女高70%，可见C项“起码要期待六个月”是准确谜底。

　　4.A 第一段第三句说到抗药性存在的时候并不长，第四段第二句又说期待的时候能够短至六个月，别的，文章的.标题也说抗药性很快消逝，可见A项是准确选项，其余各项文章均未说起。

　　5.B 第一段是文章的撮要，最能申明作者概念，此中最初一句就明白提到，已服用 nevirapine的已传染上HIV的母亲们不应当抛却服用这类能用得起的药物。并且通篇文章都在切磋若何更有用地操纵此药物，是以作者对操纵此药的立场应当是“主动的、必定的”。

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