2017年雅思测验浏览集训稳固操练题

　　黄金期间是在咱们的前面，而不在咱们的前面，以下是小编为大师搜刮清算的2017年雅思测验浏览集训稳固操练题，但愿能给大师带来赞助!更多出色内容请实时存眷咱们应届毕业生测验网!

　　Volatility Kills

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.

　　A

　　Despite gun battles in the capital of Chad, rioting in Kenya and galloping inflation in Zimbabwe, the economics of sub-Saharan Africa arc, as a whole, in better shape than they were a few years ago. The World Bank has reported recently that this part of the continent experienced a respectable growth rate of 5.6 percent in 2006 and a higher rate from 1995 to 2005 than in previous decades. The bank has given a cautious assessment that the region may have reached a turning point. An overriding question for developmental economists remains whether the upswing will continue so Africans can grow their way out of a poverty that relegates some 40 percent of the nearly 744 million in that region to living on less than a dollar a day. The optimism, when inspected more closely, may be short-lived because of the persistence of a devastating pattern of economic volatility that has lingered for decades.

　　B

　　“In reality, African countries grow as fast as Asian countries and other developing countries during the good times, but afterward they see growth collapses,” comments Jorge Arbache, a senior World Bank economist. “How to prevent collapses may be as important as promoting growth.” If these collapses had not occurred, he observes, the level of gross domestic product for each citizen of the 48 nations of sub-Saharan Africa would have been a third higher.

　　C

　　The prerequisite to prevent the next crash are not in place, according to a World Bank study issued in January. Is Africa's Recent Growth Robust? The growth period that began in 1995, driven by a commodities boom spurred in particular by demand from China, may not be sustainable, because the economic fundamentals—new investment and the ability to stave off inflation, among other factors—are absent. The region lacks the necessary infrastructure that would encourage investors to look to Africa to find the next Bengaluru (Bangalore) or Shenzhen, a November report from the bank concludes. For sub-Saharan countries rich in oil and other resources, a boom period may even undermine efforts to institute sound economic practices. From 1996 to 2005, with growth accelerating, measures of governance—factors such as political stability, rule of law, and control of corruption—actually worsened, especially for countries endowed with abundant mineral resources, the January report notes.

　　D

　　Perhaps the most incisive analysis of the volatility question comes from Paul Collier, a longtime specialist in African economics at the University of Oxford and author of the recent book The Bottom Billion. He advocates a range of options that the U.S. and other nations could adopt when formulating policy toward African countries. They include revamped trade measures, better-apportioned aid and sustained military intervention in certain instances, to avert what he sees as a rapidly accelerating divergence of the world’s poorest, primarily in Africa, from the rest of the world, even other developing nations such India and China.

　　E

　　Collier find that bad governance is the main reason countries fail to take advantage of the revenue bonanza that results from a boom. Moreover, a democratic government, he adds, often makes the aftermath of a boom worse. “Instead of democracy disciplining governments to manage these resource booms well, what happens is that the resource revenues corrupt the normal functioning of democracy—unless you stop (them from) corrupting the normal function of democracy with sufficient checks and balances”, he said at a talk in January at the Carnegie Council in New York City.

　　F

　　Collier advocates that African nations institute an array of standards and codes to bolster governments, one of which would substitute auctions for bribes in apportioning mineral rights and another of which would tax export revenues adequately. He cites the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which took in $200 million from mineral exports in 2006 yet collected only $86,000 in royalties for its treasury. “If a nation gets these points right,” he argues, “it's going to develop. If it gets them wrong, it won't.”

　　G

　　To encourage reform, Collier recommends that the G8 nations agree to accept these measures as voluntary guidelines for multinationals doing business in Africa— companies, for instance, would only enter new contracts through auctions monitored by an international verification group. Such an agreement would follow the examples of the so-called Kimberley Process, which has effectively undercut the trade in blood diamonds, and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, in which a government must report to its citizens the revenues it receives from sales of natural resources.

　　H

　　These measures, he says, are more important than elevating aid levels, an approach emphasized by economist Jeffrey D. Sachs of Columbia University and celebrity activists such as Bono. Collier insists that first Angola receives tens of billions of dollars in oil revenue and whether it gets a few hundred million more or less in aid is really second-order.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 1 -4 on your answer sheet.

　　NB you may use any letter more than once

　　A Jeffrey D. Sachs

　　B Paul Collier

　　C Jorge Arbache

　　1. An unexpectedly opposite result

　　2. Estimated more productive outcomes if it were not for sudden economic downturns

　　3. A proposal for a range of recommended instructions for certain countries to narrow the widening economic gap

　　4. An advocate for a method used for a specific assessment

　　Questions 5-9

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　5. The instability in economy in some African countries might negatively impact their continuing growth after a certain level has been reached.

　　6. Collier is the most influential scholar on the study of volatility problem.

　　7. Certain African governments levy considerable taxes on people profiting greatly from exportation.

　　8. Some African nations' decisions on addressing specific existing problems are directly related to the future of their economic trends.

　　9. Collier regards Jeffrey D. Sachs' recommended way of evaluating of little importance.

　　Questions 10-13

　　Summary

　　Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

　　According to one research carried by the World Bank, some countries in Africa may suffer from 10 due to the lack of according preconditions. They experienced a growth stimulated by 11 , but according to another study, they may not keep this trend stable because they don't have 12 which would attract investors. To some countries with abundant resources this fast-growth period might even mean something devastating to their endeavor. During one specific decade accompanied by 13 as a matter of fact, the governing saw a deterioration.

　　参考译文：

　　致命的动摇性

　　A

　　虽然乍得共和国的都城都有枪支交火，肯尼亚履历着骚乱，津巴布演出着骇人的通货收缩，撒哈拉以南的非地域的经济作为一个全体比前几年要成长好良多。天下银行比来的一项报告显现非洲南部的地域在2006年经济增加率为5.6%1995至2005年之间的增加率也比曩昔几十年的增加率要高。天下银行已赐与了谨严的评价，以为该地域能够已到达了一个转机点，成长经济学家要面对的一个最首要的题目长短洲是不是还能够以这类高增加率延续成长，以处置贫苦题目，该地域以7亿4400万总生齿中的近40%人天天的糊口本钱不到1美圆，若是停止加倍周到的查询拜访的话，非洲南部这类经济增加能够只是好景不常，由于一种扑灭性的经济动摇款式在曩昔的几十年一向存在。

　　B

　　天下银行的一名高等经济学家Jorge Arbache批评道：“在现实中，非洲国度在好的时辰其成长速率不亚于亚国度或是其余成长中国度，但厥后这类增加瓦解了。若何防止这类经济瓦解和增进经济增加划一首要。”按照他的察看，若是这些瓦解不产生，撒哈拉以南的非洲地域的48个国度的每一个国民的国际出产总值程度会超出跨越现实程度三分之一。

　　C

　　按照一月份宣布的天下银行的一项题为“非洲近期的增加势头微弱吗?”的研讨报告显现，非洲国度为防止下一次危急产生的前提前提还不到位。始于1995年的增加期 ，鞭策是由出格是受中国需要鞭策的大批商品的高潮驱动的，这类增加期能够不会耐久。由于缺少经济根基面里的多少身分——此中出格是新投资和避开通货收缩的才能。一份银行11月份的报告总结道，该地域缺少须要的根本举措办法来鼓动勉励投资者将眼光投向非洲以寻觅下一个“班加罗尔”或 “深圳”。对撒哈拉以南富含丰硕的煤油和其余资本的非洲国度来讲，兴旺成长的期间乃至能够会粉碎尽力成立起来的完美的经济步履。一月份的报告指出，从1996年到2005年，跟着增加额加速，办理身分如政治不变，法制和节制贪腐现实上是好转了，出格是具有丰硕矿产资本的国度，好转环境加倍严峻。

　　D

　　或许对动摇题目做出的最精炼的阐发来自于Paul Collier，他是牛津大学一名耐久特地研讨非洲经济的专家，也是比来第一版的The Bottom Billion一书的作者。他列出一系列美国和其余国度在拟定有关非洲国度的政策时能够采用的一系列选项。他们包含修补商业办法，在某些环境下比例加倍得当的支援和延续的军事干涉干与，以防止天下上最贫苦地域出格长短洲的一些国度和天下其余地域乃至是和其余成长中国度如印度和中国之间的差异进一步加重。

　　E

　　Collier发明不良办理的首要缘由是国度不操纵好经济增加所带来的巨额支出。另外，他补充道，一个民主的当局常常会常常会使经济增加带来的成果加倍好转。他在纽约市卡内基委员会一月一次的`说话中说道“民主的当局不但不能很好地办理好这些经济增加，反而会被这些经济增加粉碎，除非你能经由过程充足的制衡禁止他们粉碎民主轨制的一般功效。

　　F

　　Collier主意非洲国度奉行一系列标准和标准的数组以增强列国当局，此中一项是用拍卖来取代经由过程行贿推派停业权，而另外一项则是向出口支出征收充足的税收。他以刚果民主共和国为例，该国在2006年矿物出口支出达2亿美圆，可是只向国库交纳了8600美圆的特许权利用费。他以为，“若是一个国度在这些方面处置安妥，他将会成长。但若是它做出了毛病的挑选，该国度就不会成长。

　　G

　　为了鼓动勉励鼎新，Collier建议G8国度应当赞成接管这些办法成为跨国公司在非洲做买卖时的志愿准绳，比方，公司签定新的条约时，必须经由过程由一个国际核对小组监控的拍卖来决议条约协作方。这类和谈将效仿以下两个例子，一个是有用地减弱了血钻商业的所谓的金伯利历程，另外一个是采掘业通明度步履建议，其提倡当局必须向国民报告它收到的来自发卖天然资本的支出。

　　H

　　他说，这些办法比由哥伦比亚大学经济学家Jeffery D. Sachs 和闻名的勾当家如Bono所夸大评价支援程度的方式加倍首要。Collier指出，起首应当斟酌到安哥拉当局收到数百亿美圆的是由支出。其次才该斟酌其是不是获得了几亿美圆摆布的支援这件事。

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