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大众英语pets四级浏览展望题
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Part C
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 51 —— 55, choose the most suitable one from the list [A] —— [ G ] to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,52, and of a riverboat casino ( a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor eaming$ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $ 20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user' s gambling activities. For Williams,those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin. "
(51) In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March
1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams' s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams' s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter.
Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(52) .
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning : "'Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head, not over it". Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams' s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to"engage in conduct against his will. " Well.
(53) .
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(54) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(55) .
Forty-four states have lotteries,29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3.5 billion being lost on Internetwagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web' s most profitable business.
A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino' s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
C. By the time he had lost $ 5,000 he said to himseff that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5,500, but he did not quit.
D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
E. David Williams' s suit should trouble this gambling nation, But don' t bet on it.
F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
参考译文
印第安纳,k11的埃文斯坐落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52岁的大卫·威廉姆斯的故乡，也是一家河船赌场的地点地。就在这家赌场，威廉姆斯，一位年薪35，000美圆的州当局审计员，几年打赌上去，输掉了约莫175，000美圆。他之前从未停止过打赌，厥后赌场送给他一张代价20美圆的打赌优惠券，他便沾上了赌。
他第一次去赌场，输掉了那20美圆后就分开了。第二次，他输掉了800美圆。赌场把他看做优良主顾，发给他一张“高兴卡”，在赌场利用时可博得积分，调换食品和饮料。同时，该卡也能够或许使赌场跟踪持卡人的打赌勾当。对威廉姆斯而言，这些打赌勾当成为他所谓的“电子白面”。
(51)输到5，000美圆时，他对本身说，若是能够或许把输掉的钱赢返来，就不赌了。一天凌晨：他赢了5：500美圆：可是并没盔就此停手。1997年，他两天以内就在一台打赌机上输掉了21，000美圆。到了三月份，他又输掉了72，186美圆。偶然候他同时在两台打赌机上赌，彻夜达旦.一向到凌晨5点赌船泊岸，而后比及赌场上午9点开放时他又回到船上延续赌。此刻，他正告状该赌场，控告其明显晓得他已打赌上瘾，就应当制止他延续帮衬。赌场简直晓得他已打赌成瘾。
1998年3月，威廉姆斯的一个伴侣将他强迫送进了戒赌医治中间接管医治，并且写信奉告那家赌场有关威康姆斯打赌上瘾的题目。赌场将威廉姆斯的照片放入被制止去打赌职员的名单中，并给他写了一封“禁赌告诉书”。告诉书在指明打赌步履对人安康和心思组成风险的同时，还提到，若是他要再次帮衬赌场，必须出示医疗或心思状态信息。以证实帮衬赌场不会对他的宁静和安康组成任何要挟。
(52)固然他不出示相干证实，赌场的市场部仍不时地给他发邮件，并且他又进入赌场并利用了高兴卡也无人发觉。
据《华尔街日报》报道，阿谁赌场内有24个正告标记：“尽享欢喜…打赌时要用脑筋，不要冲昏脑筋”。每张入场券上都印有印第安纳州心思安康部分的收费征询德律风号码。可是，威廉姆斯的诉讼控告赌场，明显晓得他“病入膏肓地沉湎于打赌”，依然居心“勾引”他“做出违反本身志愿的步履”。
(53)不清晰究竟是甚么样的勾引使他做出这类不能自控的步履，并且在何种意思上他的意志才会起感化?
《心思疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版中如许写道，“病态打赌步履”指的是延续地、几次地且没法自控地追求不测横财，这类追求更多的是追求冒险安慰，并非仅仅是为了钱。
(54)使人不安的是，社会愈来愈偏向于用医学的方式来处置步履题目，曩昔加倍峻厉的先辈们诠释为“意志力软弱”的步履，此刻凡是被界说为“沉湎症”。在迷信或所谓“迷信”的鞭策下，社会正将之前被视为性情缺点、品德沦丧的景象从头分别为近似于心思妨碍的品德疾病。
(55)打赌一向是美国人糊口中的.一个习以为常的景象，可是持久以来，人们凡是把它视作是一种罪恶或一种社会疾病。而此刻打赌却成为一项社会政策：在美国，对打赌最重要、最主动的鞭策者便是当局。
美国有44个州刊行彩票，29个州开设赌场，并且这些州大多在差别水平上依靠或说是“沉湎于”来自于打赌的支出。自从1995年第一家在线打赌网站成立以来，争取赌徒手中款项的合作变得加倍剧烈。《消息周刊}10月28日报道说，每周有200万赌徒帮衬1，800家假造赌场。因本年共有35亿美圆丢到了收集打赌中，打赌业已跨越色情业成为收集上利润最大的行业。
谜底及剖析
51.C 【剖析】本题是顺接干系题。该空格位于第三段的开首，是以要连系高低文，注重其论述或跟尾干系。空格前后都是在报告威廉姆斯打赌的详细事例，且呈现了大批的数字，由前文的$20和$800再到空格后的$21，000和$72，185，数字愈来愈大，这标明他越赌输掉的钱就越多。由此可揣度，空缺处也应与他的胜负或胜负的数量有关。浏览各选项，只要C呈现了数字$5，000 和$5，500，与前后文的数字组成照顾。别的，从逻辑干系上看，空格前一句提到，威廉姆斯称这些打赌勾当为“电子白面”，接上去的内容该是详细申明他是若何慢慢打赌成瘾的，这由输钱金额的渐增表现出来。C选项的现实数据与高低文在逻辑抒发方向上分歧。
52.A 【剖析】本题是转机干系题。该空格出此刻第五段，请求填入一个完全的段落。空格前的内容谈到在伴侣写信奉告那家赌场有关威廉姆斯打赌上瘾的题目后，赌场仿佛已尽到了它的责任：将其参加了制止进入赌场的名单，并提到他若再次进入此赌场需出示相干医学和心思学信息，以证实帮衬赌场不会对他的宁静和安康组成任何要挟。但现实上从下一段内容得悉，赌场在明知他上瘾的环境下并未采用步履。选项A段落即由“al-though”引发转机，提到固然威廉姆斯不供给相干证据，但仍是几次收到赌场市场部的邮件，并且进入赌场利用高兴卡也无人发觉，延续申了然赌场的步履：外表上制止，却仍在暗中鼓动勉励他打赌。如斯一来，与之前内容组成了转机干系。别的，该选项中的“Although no such evidence was presented”和上文中的“he would have to present medical/psychological information”语义上跟尾慎密，“such evidence”与“medical/psychological informa-tion”组成公道的指代干系，组成篇章的分歧性。
53.B 【剖析】本题是顺接干系题。该空格出此刻第七段，也请求填入一个完全的段落。空格前面谈到威廉姆斯对赌场的控告，明显晓得赌徒已“病入膏肓地沉湎于打赌”依然居心“勾引”(1ure)他“做出违反本身志愿(will)的步履”。空格后引出一个新话题先容“病态打赌步履”的一个界说。按照逻辑干系，空格处的内容应与上一段或下一段相干。浏览各选项，能够或许发明，选项B中“…what luring was required…was his will operative”再次呈现了关头词“lure”和“will”，对前面的内容进一步作了补充和申明，且提出题目让下一段回覆，恰好起到了承先启后的感化。F项 固然也再次呈现了前一句的“will”，但“用医学的方式来处置行 为题目”与前一段语义上不跟尾，故解除。G项提到了“compul-sive behavior”，但此中的新话题“在线打赌”也与上文不跟尾。
54.F 【剖析】本题是顺接干系题。该空格属于第九段的段首句。空格前面提到了“病态打赌步履”的一个界说。空格后则指出“socie-ty is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.”社会对性情缺点或品德沦丧的新观点。即高低文都从实际上谈及打赌，与赌场或赌徒的详细步履不相干，以是能够或许解除A、C、E三项。按照高低文的跟尾干系又可将D、G两项解除，由于此中 都引入了新信息：当局与网上打赌。8项的“compulsive behav-ior”虽与前面的“uncontrollable”相照顾，却与下文不任何关 联。而F项内容上也谈到了社会对意志力软弱这一步履的新看 法，与前后文都具备意思和逻辑上的分歧性。另外，该选项的 “defining as…”与空格后的“reclassifying…as…”布局近似，且 “medicalize”与上文的“diagnostic，mental disorders，，pathologi-cal”和空格后的“physical”都是属于医学范围的词;“weakness of will”与空格后的“character flaws”这一信息相干。
55.D 【剖析】本题是顺接干系题。此空格出此刻第十段，请求填入一个完全的段落。空格前面首要先容了社会此刻对“病态打赌步履”的界说。空格前面则详细描写了打赌在美国的成长环境和致使这一景象的缘由。按照逻辑干系阐发，空格处的内容可 能会起到承先启后的感化。阐发各选项，可发明，D选项的第一 句内容“…a common feature of American life…a sin，or a social disease”恰好承接上文，和下文的详细例子之间也组成了总结例证的逻辑干系，此中“a sin，or a social disease”与前一句的“char-acter flaws or moral failings”相照顾;第二句则引出了下一段所描写的打赌业兴旺成长的景象，且“government”与下一段首句的“states”照顾。
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