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英语浏览时若何预测生词词义
理论证实,按照本身的英语根本和乐趣喜好挑选得当的资料,停止大批的浏览是学好英语的有用路子。可是,浏览中不免会碰到生词或熟词生义,不能够也不须要每一个生词都去插辞书,这就须要把握预测词义的方式和技能了。这里总结了17种词义预测的方式或技能,希望能对你有所赞助。
1. 按照转机干系:表现转机干系的有though, but、however等。比方:
Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. (广东卷)
由but可知genius是与fool(天赋)绝对的,由此预测其意为“有才能的人”、“天赋”。
2. 按照对照干系:表现对照干系的有标记词有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。比方:
If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.
按照前后的对照干系,不难猜出dissent是意义与agree相反,即:“不赞成”。
3. 按照同类干系:比拟干系表现意义上的类似干系。表现比拟干系的词和短语有similarly,like,just as,also等。比方:
Mr. Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
句中similarly标明loves to talk与生词loquacious之间是同类干系。由此能够揣度出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
4. 按照因果干系:表现因果干系的有because, so that, so/such…that…等。比方:
The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
由“无雨水”之因,可推知花会“繁茂、干枯”之果。是以,wither意为“繁茂、干枯”。
5. 按照同位干系: 由于同位语是对前面的名词的进一步补充申明,供给更加详细的环境,以是按照同位语也可预测前面名词的意义。比方:
Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (天下卷)
由前面的同位语的诠释咱们清晰地晓得Tai Mahal便是一闻名的修建物。
6. 按照并列干系:普通由and, or等表现并列干系。比方:
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
由于mansion与“疆场遗迹”、“剧院”、“别的公家厅”并列,以是mansion也该当属于修建物或场合。
7. 按照比喻干系:普通由as…as, like等表现。比方:
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
按照“就像水中的玫瑰叶”如许的比喻可知,buoyant是“飘浮的”之意。
8. 按照界说干系:界说句的谓语动词多为be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。
Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.
按照“是用来描写人类社会的迷信研讨的术语”的界说,可知sociology是“社会学”之意。
9. 按照所举实例:普通由for example, such as, like等来表现举例。比方:
Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.
由所举实例,不难推出polyglot的意义是“懂多种说话的”。
10. 按照同义干系:按照生词所处语境中的同义或近义词的意义来预测它的意义。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
由语境可知, detrimental与harmful同义,意为“倒霉的,无害的”。
11. 按照转换说法:拔出语that is, that is to say, in other words和namely, i.e., or等都能够用来对前面的内容停止诠释,意为“也便是说、即”。
The cinema is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18.
按照people over 18可知,adult是“成年人”之意。
12. 按照标点标记:冒号、破折号、括号等都可表现对前文的诠释或申明。比方:
New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep — everywhere we saw signs of prosperity.
按照破折号前面的详细描写,可预测prosperity 意为“繁华”。
13. 按照定语从句:由生词后起润色限定或起补充申明的定语从句预测其意义。比方:
Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.
由前面起补充感化的非限定性定语从句可推知生词florist是“花店主”之意。
14. 按照逻辑推理:按照生词前后的搭配干系和高低文的意义等来预测其意义。
Although the fisherman was wearing sou’wester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.
因生词sou’wester是wear的宾语,该当是一种“衣”或“帽”,又由although和前面一个分句,能够推知它是指“防雨的衣”。
15. 按照单词发音:有的英语辞汇是经由过程音译进入汉语辞汇中的,咱们能够按照其读音来懂得其意义。如:aspirin(阿斯匹林), nylon(尼龙), Olympic(奥林匹克), sofa(沙发), typhoon (台风)等。
16. 按照糊口常识:偶然按照糊口经历和根基常识能够预测诞生词的意义。
The snake slithered through the grass.
按照有关蛇的糊口习惯的常识,咱们能够揣度出slither的词义为“匍匐”。
17. 按照构词方式:按照前缀、后缀、分解、转换等构词法来预测生词的意义。
After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging pas-sengers. (广东卷)
因同窗们学过charge(免费、要价),按照前缀over-的意义“过量、过度”,可推知overcharge是“索价太高”之意。
虽然咱们先容了这么多的生词预测方式,可是,值得一提的是,咱们浏览的目标在于懂得文章的意义,从中享用欢愉或获得信息。那些并不影响对整篇文章的懂得的生词,咱们大可不用费太多的时候去预测它们的意义,以避免影响浏览的兴趣。
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