晨读英语美文《Address by Engels》

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晨读英语美文《Address by Engels》

　　Address by Engels

　　"On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceasedto think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we foundhim in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.

　　"An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe andAmerica, and by historical science, in the death of this man. The gap that has been left by thedeparture of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt.

　　"Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered thelaw of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth ofideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it canpursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediatematerial means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attainedby a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the stateinstitutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the peopleconcerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained,instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.

　　"But that is not all. Marx also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-daycapitalist mode of production and the bourgeois society that this mode of production hascreated. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solvewhich all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and socialist critics, had beengroping in the dark.

　　"Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime. Happy the man to whom it is grantedto make even one such discovery. But in every single field which Marx investigated -- and heinvestigated very many fields, none of them superficially -- in every field, even in that ofmathematics, he made independent discoveries.

　　参考翻译：

　　3月14日下战书两点三刻，今世最巨大的思惟家遏制思惟了。他一小我留在房间里还不到两分钟，等咱们再出来的时辰，他已坐在愉逸椅上悄悄地睡去了──永久睡去了。

　　这小我的逝去，对战役着的西欧无产阶层来讲，对汗青迷信来讲，都是不可估计的丧失。这位伟人逝去后所组成的空缺，在未几的未来，咱们就会感受到。

　　正如达尔文发明生物界的成长范围一样，马克思发明了人类汗青的成长纪律，即向来为各类思惟系统所重重袒护着的一个简略现实：人们起首必须有了衣食住行，而后能力处置政治、迷信、艺术、宗教等勾当，以是，间接的物资的出产材料的出产，是以一个民族和一个时期的经济成长阶段，便组成为根本，人们的国度轨制、法令划定、艺术乃至宗教看法便是在这个根本上成长起来的，是以也就必须从这个根本动身来加以申明，而不是像曩昔那样本末颠倒。

　　不只如斯，马克思还发明了古代本钱主义出产体例和因它所产生的资产阶层社会的特别活动纪律。不管资产阶层经济学家或社会主义攻讦家曩昔所作的统统研讨都只是在暗中中试探，而跟着残剩代价的成长，这一范畴就释然开畅了。

　　一小我能有如许两项发明，能够说是不虚今生了。乃至只需能做出一项如许的发明，也已是幸运的了。但是，马克思在他所研讨的每个范畴，乃至在数学范畴，都有独到的发明。如许的范畴良多，并且对此中任何一个范畴的研讨，都不是浮浅的。

　　焦点辞汇：

　　Cease: to stop happening or existing; to stop sthfrom happening or existing (使)遏制，遏制，竣事

　　Welfare payments cease as soon as an individualstarts a job.

　　一旦失业，即停发福利布施.

　　You never cease to amaze me!

　　你总能让我感应诧异!

　　They voted to cease strike action immediately.

　　他们投票决议当即遏制歇工.

　　He ordered his men to cease fire(= stop shooting).

　　他号令部下人遏制射击.