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雅思浏览展望文章

　　对雅思考生来讲，想要顺遂拿下雅思浏览懂得，日常平凡多看一些雅思文章并且增强操练是必须的。上面是小编为大师清算的一篇雅思浏览展望文章，但愿对大师有所赞助。

雅思浏览展望文章

　　Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense

　　A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title "Thoughts on Music" has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is "digital rights management" (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.

　　B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling), any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of "state-sponsored piracy". Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.

　　C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? "This is clearly the best alternative for consumers," he declares, "and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat."

　　D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free." Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.

　　E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. (And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped.) So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".

　　F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.

　　Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.

　　2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.

　　3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.

　　4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.

　　5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.

　　6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.

　　7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.

　　Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.

　　8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?

　　A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.

　　B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.

　　C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.

　　D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.

　　9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.

　　A. refused

　　B. welcomed

　　C. not bothered

　　D. not well received

　　10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?

　　A. Sony would gain the most profit.

　　B. More customers would be “locked in”.

　　C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.

　　D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.

　　Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.

　　Notes to Reading Passage 1

　　1. low-key：按捺的，受束缚的，屈就的

　　2. showman：展开览会的人，出风头的人物

　　3. unassuming：礼让的，不炫耀的，不矫揉造作的

　　4. iPod：(苹果公司生产的)音乐播放器

　　5. iTunes store：(苹果公司生产的)在线音乐商铺

　　6. get off person's back: 不再找或人的费事，挣脱或人的胶葛

　　7. gravitate: 受吸收，偏向于

　　8. unfazed: 不再耽忧，不被打扰

　　Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13

　　1. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."

　　2. FALSE

　　See the third sentence in Paragraph A "…At issue is 'digital rights management' (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."

　　3. TRUE

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."

　　4. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers."

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)."

　　6. FALSE

　　See the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'".

　　7. NOT GIVEN

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."

　　8. B

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."

　　9. C

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."

　　10. A

　　See the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."

　　11. the iTunes store

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."

　　12. withdraw their catalogues

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."

　　13. produce security fixes

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."

　　14. redirect their energies

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."

　　附：雅思浏览技能之填空题

　　填空题(summary)又叫择要题。该类标题标题问题是一小段笔墨，是原文或原文中的几个段落首要内容的缩写或改写，咱们称之为择要。择要中有几个空缺局部请求考生填空。

　　按照规模，择要可分为两种：全文择要和局部段落择要。全文择要，择要信息来自全文，标题标题问题空格的数目较多。局部段落择要，择要信息来自原文某几个持续的段落，标题标题问题空格的数目较少。比来测验中呈现的大局部是局部段落择要，信息来自原文持续的两到三段，标题标题问题空格的数目在5题摆布。

　　对局部段落择要，有的在标题标题问题请求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，如Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage.但大局部的局部段落择要只是在标题标题问题请求中说它是原文的一个择要或局部段落择要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。

　　咱们在做这类题的时辰起首应当做的都应当是阐发须要雅思浏览填空题词性。如许能够或许简化咱们的做题进程并且在做题碰到坚苦时减少挑选规模。

　　剑四T1P1:In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4.________ who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5.________ available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson's principal achievement was to bring 6.________to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7.________ by the king.

　　咱们在不看文章的条件下先阐发一下这几个空格所需单词的词性.起首句子In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4.________ who stood at a long central desk中,空格前面是a number of标明空中应当填的是名词，且为名词双数，绝后面的who决议了4种所填必然是表现人的名词，是以总结起来4所填的为表人的可数名词双数情势。 Johnson did not have a 5.________ available to him 句中的空格5前面有不定冠词”a”表现所填的词必然是一个可数名词且为双数情势。再往绝后追溯咱们会发明所要找的这个可数名词双数有很是主要的表否认的 “did not have”，这就决议了咱们找的并不是主语所具有的工具，以是在文中寻觅时应加倍注重否认词和可数名词双数。并且这类环境下咱们在原文中必然能够或许找到 “a”，若是咱们在定位到谜底地点句子中发明这句话中只要一个a，那末标明a前面的阿谁词必然为咱们的谜底。若是咱们定位到的是一个规模，在句子规模内有不止一个“a“，那末咱们就须要按照句意对合适句子情势的谜底停止一一的解除。According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson's principal achievement was to bring 6.________to the English language.绝后为动词bring，是以空中所填的应当是bring这个举措的实行工具，即句子的宾语，也便是带来的工具，是以应当填名词。As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7.________ by the king.7和5事理不异，要注重绝后的a，是以鉴定这个空所要填的必然也是一个双数的可数名词。

　　经由过程这个标题标题问题咱们能够或许看出在做填空题的时辰，有些标题标题问题实在是有捷径能够或许走的。比方当看到一个标题标题问题中有绝后是“a”的标题标题问题能够或许在定位后优先做，其次是那些绝后带有介词的空，由于介词的数目究竟结果是多数，且良多牢固搭配的环境下并不会停止替代，即便替代，其可替代的规模也远远小于动词和描述词，由于若是绝后有介词的话，咱们也能够或许先找不异的介词，若是不再经由过程动词介词的搭配停止谜底的进一步寻觅。

　　在找到绝对简略的标题标题问题的谜底后，再按照填空题的挨次准绳对原文停止向上或向下的寻觅。由于填空题固然为挨次的，但咱们并不必然要死板的从第一个空起头做，而是应当按照文中的定位词，和标题标题问题的详细环境对文章和标题标题问题停止详细标题问题详细阐发，用矫捷的方式解题。

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