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英语动词的分类讲授(附习题)

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英语动词的分类讲授(附习题)

  在泛泛进修、任务糊口中,咱们都要用到操练题,经由过程这些五花八门的习题,使得咱们得以无机遇熟悉事物的各个方面,熟悉归纳综合化图式多样化的详细变式,从而使咱们对事理和纪律的熟悉加倍的深切。那末标题问题来了,一份好的习题是甚么样的呢?以下是小编清算的英语动词的(附习题),仅供参考,但愿能够也许赞助到大师。

英语动词的分类讲授(附习题)

  分类讲授:

  第一节甚么是动词

  一、甚么是动词动词是用来表现主语做甚么(即行动动词),或表现主语是甚么或如何样(即状况动词)的词,比方:

  The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表现主语的行动

  He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表现主语的状况

  二、动词的分类

  动词能够根据寄义及它们在句中的感化分红四类,即行动动词(也称实义动词)、连络动词、助动词和神态动词。

  (一)行动动词

  行动动词(实义动词)是表现行动、举措或状况的词。它的词义完整,能够零丁作谓语。比方:

  I live inBeijingwith my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住

  It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有

  (二)连络动词

  连络动词是表现主语“是甚么”或“如何样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,以是不能零丁作谓语,必须跟表语一路组成分解谓语,比方:

  We are in Grade Two this year.(本年咱们在两年级。)are,是

  are这个词的词义“是”在句子中经常不译出。

  连络动词可详细分为三类:

  1、表现“是”的动词be。这个词在差别的主语后面和差别的时态中有差别的情势,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要出格予以注重。比方:

  He is a teacher.(他是个教员。)

  He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个兵士。)

  We are Chinese.(咱们是中国人。)

  2、表现“感受”的词,如look(看起来),feel(感受,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,比方:

  She looked tired.(她看一去很委靡。)

  I feel ill.(我感受不舒畅。)

  Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)

  The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很风趣。)

  The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)

  The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)

  3、表现“变”、“变成”的意义的词,如become, get, grow, turn,都诠释为“变”、“变得”,比方:

  She became a college student.(她成了一位大师长教师。)

  He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感应不舒畅,他的神色变惨白了。)

  The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春季来了,气候变得和缓些了,白天也变得较长些了。)

  He grew old.(他老了。)

  [难点诠释]

  注重区分以下一些动词的用法,它们既能够作为行动动词,又能够作为连络动词。

  1、look看;看起来

  He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行动动词

  It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连络动词

  2、fell摸;感受

  1)I felt someone touch my arm.(我感应有人碰我的手臂。)行动动词

  Are you felling better today than before?(你明天比之前感应好些了吗?)连络动词

  3、smell嗅;闻起来

  My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜好在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行动动词

  Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连络动词

  4、sound弄响,发音;听起来

  The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行动动词

  The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连络动词

  5、taste辨味;尝起来

  Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行动动词

  The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来滋味太差了。)连络动词

  6、get取得,取得;变

  There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每一小我能够拿一个。)行动动词

  7、grow发展,莳植;变

  Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国度种水稻吗?)行动动词

  It’s too late. It’s growing dark.(太迟了,天垂垂变暗了。)连络动词

  8、turn动弹,翻动,使变得;变

  The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行动动词

  When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春季来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连络动词

  上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既能够作连络动词,又能够作行动动词。若何来区分它们呢?有一个最简洁的方式,即用连络动词be替代句子中的这些动词,句子依然建立便是连络动词;反之,不能替代的,便是行动动词。比方:

  The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春季到临,树叶变绿。)

  The earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)

  这第二句句子中的turn是行动动词,意为“动弹”。没法以is替代。

  (三)助动词

  这类词自身无词义,不能零丁作谓语,只能与首要动词一路组成谓语,表现差别的时态、语态、表现句子的否认和疑难,比方:

  He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)

  句中的does是助动词,既表现通俗此刻时,又与not一路组成否认情势。

  A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追赶一只猫。)

  句中的is是助动词,和run的此刻分词一路组成此刻停止时。

  Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早饭喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)

  句中的did是助动词,既表现通俗曩昔时,又和动词have一路组成疑难。

  (四)神态动词

  这类词自身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表现措辞人的才能、措辞人的语气或神态,如“能够”、“该当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能零丁作谓语,必须与行动动词(真相)一路作谓语,表现完整的意义,比方:

  I can dance.(我会舞蹈。)can,能,会

  He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t,不用

  May I come in?(我能够进来吗?)may,能够

  第二节及物动词与不迭物动词

  行动动词(即实义动词)按其是不是须要宾语,能够分为及物动词和不迭物动词。

  一、及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整,比方:

  Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)

  If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(若是你们有标题问题,你们能够举手,。)

  二、不迭物动词

  后面不能跟宾语,意义已完整。不迭物动词偶然能够加上副词或介词,组成短语动词,相称于一个及物动词。比方:

  He works hard.(他任务尽力。)

  Jack jruns faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)

  Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)

  He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(此次他得了个“A”,因为他细心地温习了作业。)

  [难点诠释]

  1、很多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不迭物动词,他浏览中必须细心体味和区分,比方:

  Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁筹算在会上讲话?)speak,不迭物动词

  Few people outsideChinaspeak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词

  2、要出格注重有些动词英汉之间的差别。某些词在英语中是不迭物的,而在汉语中倒是及物的。偶然则相反。比方:

  He is waiting for you.(他在等你。)

  英语wait为不迭物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。

  Serve the people.(为国民办事。)

  英语serve为及物动词,汉语“办事”为不迭物动词。

  Exercise 1

  指出以下各句中划线局部是甚么动词,并申明词义,比方:

  All of us study hard.(vi.进修)

  1、He began to work at seven this morning.()

  2、I have left the key at home.()

  3、We must take the old woman to the hospital at once.()

  4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.()

  5、Think it over, and you will have a good idea.()

  6、Don’t think of yourself;think of others.()

  7、We are college students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.()

  8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late again.()

  9、Please wash your hands before each meal.()

  10、Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.()

  Exercise 2

  区分以下多组句子中的举措,指出以下划线动词是连络动词仍是行动动词,并写出词义:

  1、Shelookswell.()

  She tried tolookat the blackboard but waw nothing.()

  2、The studentsfeltunhappy.()

  Ifeltsomeone touch my back.()

  3、It was snowing hard when hegotto the city.()

  It’s too late. It’sgettingdarker and darker.()

  4、The teacher asked the student toturnit over.()

  The leaves of the treesturngreen when sping comes.()

  5、The young treesgrowfast.()

  It began togrowdark.()

  6、The bellsoundedat 12 o’clock for lunch.()

  The musicsoundsnice.()

  第三节延续动词与刹时动词

  英语的行动动词有延续性动词和刹时性动词之分,利用中应注重二者的区分。

  一、延续性动词

  表现一个举措能够延续一段时候或更永劫候。罕见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。

  二、刹时性动词

  表现一个举措产生在一刹时,很是长久。亦称停止性动词。罕见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。

  以上已集合了初中讲义的大局部延续性动词及刹时性动词。

  三、用法

  1、以上两类动词都能用于此刻完成时,表现举措到此刻为止已竣事,比方:

  He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)

  He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)

  Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去藏书楼了。)

  2、延续性动词在完成时中能与表现延续一段时候的状语连用,而刹时性动词则不能。比方:

  His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的怙恃跟教员谈了半个小时。)

  My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲抱病卧床已三天了。)

  My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我怙恃亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)3、刹时性动词在完成时中如要与表现延续一段时候的状语连用,凡是有两种方式:

  (1)意图义相称的延续性动词来替代,比方:

  He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined

  She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有很久了。)不能用has got up

  Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有很久了吗?)不能用has left

  经常利用刹时动词响应延续性动词干系以下:

  1、go——be away 2、come——be here

  3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here)

  5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep

  7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on

  9、finish——be over 10、open——be open

  11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost

  13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on

  15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated

  17、join——be in(…)或be a…member

  18、become——be

  (2)用it is…since…布局来替代刹时动词,比方:

  片子已开映5分钟了。(两种方式)

  The film has been on for five minutes.

  It’s five minutes since the film began.

  他分开上海已有3天了。(两种方式)

  He has been away from Shanghai for three days.

  It is three days since he leftShanghai.

  这本书我还给藏书楼已有两周了。(一种方式)

  It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.

  他找到他mm已有多久了?(一种方式)

  How long is it since be found his sister?

  4、刹时动词的否认情势能够与表现一段时候的状语连用,比方:

  I haven’t seen you for a long time.(很久没见到你了。)

  [补充申明]

  1、本书根基上已把初中讲义中的延续动词与刹时性动词枚举出来,可供教员参考利用。

  2、对于延续性动词与刹时性动词的用法,能够连络此刻完成时的讲授一路停止。

  Exercise 3

  一、挑选准确的谜底:

  1、Alice has (come, been) back for a week.

  2、His grandmother has (been dead, died) for ten years.

  3、When we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on) for a few minutes.

  4、The lights have (turned on, been on) for over half a day.

  5、Have you (bought, had) the book on grammar for a week? Yes, since last Sunday.

  二、用since和for翻译以下句子:

  1、这本书我已借了两周了。

  2、她分开这儿有5分钟了吗?

  3、我弟弟入团已有半年多了。

  4、Joan分开我校已有两个月了。

  5、他们领会有很长一段时候了。

  第四节神态动词

  在本章第(一)节里咱们已学过的动词分为行动动词、连络动词、助动词和神态动词四类。这一节要侧重进修神态动词的特色及其用法。

  初中阶段要进修和把握的神态动词首要有can/could, may/might, must这几个最为经常利用的词,固然还须要领会进修need, dare等神态动词。

  一、神态动词的首要特色试比拟以下几组句子,看神态动词的特色:

  1、He borrows some books from the library.(他常从藏书楼借些书。)

  He can borrow some books from the library.(他能够从藏书楼借到一些书。)can,能够

  2、I run fast.(我跑得快。)

  I can’t run fast(我跑得烦懑。)can’t,不会,不能

  3、Must he go now?(他必须此刻走吗?)must,必须

  Did he go last night?(他昨晚去了吗?)

  4、They may be there.(他们能够在那边。)may,能够

  They weren’t there.(他们不在那边。)

  从上述四组句子中,能够看出以下几个特色:

  1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表现才能、能够、承诺、情愿、请求等神态,因词义不完整,不能零丁作谓语,只能和动词真相一路组成谓语。

  2、神态动词不人称和数的变更。组成疑难句时,凡是放在主语后面(见例3);组成否认句时,not放在这些神态动词今后(见例2)。可用它们的缩写情势(can’t, cannot, mustn’t等)。

  二、首要用法

  上面四幅图简略地申了然can, may及must的用法。

  前两幅中的两列火车申了然can和may这两个神态动词的用法。

  后两幅别离申明must在差别的场所中的差别词义,别离能够表现“必须”(must do)、“必然”和“准是”(must be)的意义。

  [补充申明]

  1、用have to表现客观上的须要,意为“不得不”、“只是”;must则表现客观上的必须和措辞人的意志,在直接引语中曩昔时也经常利用must。

  2、有些时态用must没法表现,可用have to取代,如will have to(表现未来),had to(表现曩昔)。

  3、can只要此刻时和曩昔时,其余时态要用be able to。

  三、详细用法(一)can, could和be able to

  1、表现才能,比方:

  I can speak a little Japanese.(我会说一点儿日语。)

  She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.(上月她来我校时还不会说中文。)

  Be able to取代can,也能够表现才能。但can只要通俗此刻时和通俗曩昔时(could),而be able to则有更多的时态情势,比方:

  You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.(下礼拜你将能与本国教员用英语扳谈了。)

  My little brother has been able to write.(我的小弟弟已会写字了。)

  2、表现允许,准予,这时候候候候can与may能够交换,比方:

  Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow?

  Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow.(明天我能够借你的自行车吗?固然能够。明天你能够用我的自行车。)

  You can’t smoke here.(你不能够在这儿吸烟。)

  3、表现客观能够性,用在否认句和疑难句中表现措辞人的思疑、预测或不用定。比方:

  He cannot/can’t be there.(他不能够在那边。)

  Can this news be true?(这动静能够直实吗?)

  4、could除表现can的曩昔式外,在白话中还常取代can,表现很是委宛的请求。这时候候候候could和can没偶然候上的差别。比方:

  Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow?(你能告知我他明天是不是去吗?)

  Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy?(若是您不太忙,我能否问您一些工作?)

  Could/Can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?(您能给我指一下去比来的病院的路吗?)

  (二)may和might

  1、表现“准予”和“允许”,这时候候候候可与can替代。比方:

  May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?(我能够借你的字典用一下吗?)

  May I take these magazines out of the reading room? No, you mustn’t.(我能够把这些杂志带出览室吗?不,不行。)

  He asked me if he might go then.(他问我他是不是能够走了。)

  2、表现措辞人的预测,以为某事“能够”产生,比方:

  Where’s John? He may be at the library.(约翰在哪儿?他能够在藏书楼。)

  Mr. Green hasn’t talked with her. He may not know her.(格林师长教师还不曾与她谈过话,他能够不熟悉她。)

  以上例子中的may be是神态动词may加be,与maybe完整差别。后者是副词,诠释为“或话”。比方:

  He may be at home.(他能够在家。)

  Maybe he was at home.(也许他在家。)

  3、might除表现may的曩昔式外,在白话中还常取代may,表现很是委宛的叨教或完成的能够性较小。这时候候候候might和may没偶然候上的差别。比方:Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes?(我此刻能够与你谈几分钟话吗?)

  Might I have a photo of your family?(我能够要一张你们的百口照吗?)

  4、用于从句中表现方针,意为“以便能……”、“使……能够”,比方:

  Open your mouth wide, so that I may see clearly what’s wrong with your teeth.(把嘴张大些,以便我能看清晰你的牙齿有甚么弊端。)

  He wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.(他把我的住址写了上去,以便能记牢。)

  5、在用may发问时,否认回覆经常利用mustn’t或may not表现“不行”、“不能够”。比方:

  May I go now? No, you mustn’t.(我能够走了吗?不,不能够。)

  (三)must

  1、must表现措辞人的客观意志,表现责任、号令或须要、该当和必须等。此刻式与曩昔式同形。比方:

  I must go to school today.(明天我必须上学去。)

  He told me I mustn’t leave until my mother came.(他告知我,在我母亲返来之前我不许分开。)

  2、must表现猜测,“必然是”、“准是”,比方:

  They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.(他们必然是很是委靡了。让他们歇息一下子吧。)

  Jack doesn’t look well. He must be ill.(杰克看上去气色不太好。他必然是病了。)

  [难点诠释]

  1、have to表现“必须”、“不得不”,它不只能取代must,用于此刻时和曩昔时之外的其余时态,表现措辞人的客观观点,并且又表现客观上的须要。比方:

  If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.(若是咱们末班车,咱们将不得不走回家。)

  The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship.(船渐渐地起头下沉了。咱们必须分开这船。)

  2、在回覆must的疑难句时,否认回覆经常利用needn’t表现“不用”,比方:

  Must I return this book to you in two weeks?(这本书我两礼拜今后必须还你吗?)

  Yes, you must.(是的。)

  No, you needn’t.(不,不用了。)

  (四)need和dare

  need(须要)和dare(勇于)既可作神态动词,又可作行动动词。

  1、need和dare作神态动词时,只用于否认句或疑难句。need有形状变更,dare的曩昔式是dared。比方:

  It’s warm today. You needn’t put on your coat.(明气候候很和缓,你不用穿上大衣。)

  Need I post your books to you?(要我把书寄给你吗?)

  How dare you say it’s unfair?(你如何胆敢说这不公允呢?)

  She dare not go out alone at night.(她早晨不敢一小我进来。)

  2、need和dare作及物动词时,后常跟动词不定式。它们有人称、数和时态等形状变更。在组成否认和疑难情势时与其余及物动词一样,要用助动词do, does或did等。比方:

  He didn’t need to go to school today.(明天你不用上学。)

  They needed an excuse and soon found one.(他们须要捏词,未几便找到了一个。)

  (五)ought to和should

  ought to和should作神态度动词用,都是“该当”、“该当”的意义。

  ought to语气较强,指客观上有责任、有责任去做某事,或按看法和事理也应答某事担任。Should指客观上以为有责任和责任去做,但语意不如ought to强。比方:

  You ought to respect your teachers.(你们该当尊敬你们的教员。)

  We should be careful of others’ feelings.(咱们该当尊敬别人的豪情。)

  (六)相称于神态动词的几个牢固词组

  在初中讲义上另有以下牢固词组,也起着与神态动词一样的感化:had better…(最好……),Shall I(we)…?(我/咱们能够如许做吗?)would like(很是想),Will/Would you (please)…?(请你……吗?)used to(曩昔经常)。比方:

  It’s late. I’d better go and lood for him.(太迟了。我最好去找他。)

  You’d better not read books in poor light.(你最好不要在微小的灯光下看书。)

  Shall we start the meeting at once?(咱们当即闭会好吗?)

  Will you get me some chalk?(你拿些粉笔给我好吗?)

  Would you like some bananas?(来点香蕉好吗?)

  相干材料:

  如在ISSUE 中提到:Uses language fluently, with varied sentence structure and effective vocabulary.即说话流畅,利用多变的句型和有用、使人印象深入的辞汇。ARGUMENT中提到:Demonstrates control of language, including diction and syntactic variety,即展现对说话的掌控,包含用词和用句的多样性。经由过程这两条,不丢脸出,阅卷人在词这块的请求实在很简略——effective(有用、印象深入)和variety(多样化)。而在写作中,恰到益处地利用小词就能够赞助你的文章到达上述两个请求。

  起首要申明一点,所谓小词并非鄙谚。因为评分规范明白请求利用standard written English(规范书面英语(服装论坛t.vhao.net)),是以非正式的鄙谚、鄙谚、外来语都不被倡议在写作中利用。小词——smart word,指的是一些看似稀松泛泛普通俗通的单词的精巧用法。首要包含以下几种环境:

  名词—动词。差别词性之间的转换也是小词活用的一个思绪,这里咱们讲讲绝对较为遍及也轻易把握的名词到动词的活用。

  1.Bridge. Bridge,桥梁。桥梁的感化很明显是毗连,是以它做动词就能够表现毗连、消弭(隔膜、边界等)。如bridge chasm, silence, difference, generation gap(弥合裂痕,突破冷场,消弭不合,弥合代沟)

  2.Budget. Budget名词表现估算,动词为公道支配。如She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.(她忙极了,以是必须好好支配时候。)

  3.Toy. Toy是玩具的意义,由这个名词演化出的动词能够表现漫不尽心地斟酌、摆弄。如She toyed with a pencil, brooding on something like a hen.(她摆弄着铅笔,似故意事。)

  4.Bracket. Brackets 单数情势表现括号。动词bracket指把某和某纳入一类,等量齐观,Jones and Smith were bracketed in a tie for the first prize. (约翰和史姑娘双双被评为头奖。)

  新版gre测验固然难度有所进步,argument每一个标题问题多了详细的请求但逻辑阐发上根基和老的不区分,以是备考gre写作时,必然要注重找出论据清晰的抒发本身的逻辑思惟还评估的同时,要让本身的gre写作读起来富有养分代价!

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