中英文散文赏析：郁达夫《故都的秋》

　　秋季，不管在甚么处所的秋季，老是好的；但是啊，南国的秋，却出格地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州遇上青岛，更要从青岛遇上北平来的来由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.

　　江南，秋固然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，氛围来得润，天的色采显得淡，并且又经常多雨而少风；一小我夹在姑苏上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间， 地痞沌沌地曩昔，只能感应一点点清冷，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿势，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到实足。秋并不是名花，也并不是琼浆，那一种半开、半醉 的状况，在明白秋的进程上，是不适合的。There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among theurban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart’s content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in itsentirety.

　　不逢南国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南边每一年到了秋季，总要想起欢然亭的芦花，垂钓平台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即便不 出门去吧，便是在皇城人海当中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，凌晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看获得很高很高的葱茏的天气，听获得彼苍下驯鸽的'飞声。 从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏上去的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，天但是然地也能够感触感染到非常的秋意。说到了牵牛花， 我感触感染以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫玄色次之，淡白色最下。最好，还要在牵牛花底，教长着几根疏荒凉落的尖细且长的秋草，使作烘托。It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in North. When I am in the South, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peiping’s Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Yu Tai with its shady willow trees, Western Hills with their chirping insects, Yu Quan Shan Mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverbrating bell. Suppose you put up in a humblerented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in yourcourtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead. Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage, or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall, and an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you. As to morning glories, I like their blue or white flowers best, dark purple ones second best, and pink ones third best. It will be most desirable to have them set off by some tall thin grass planted underneath here and there.

　　南国的槐树，也是一种能令人遐想起秋来的装点。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，凌晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声响也不，气息也不，只能感出 一点点极微细极柔嫩的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留上去的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既感触感染细致，又感触感染安逸，潜认识下并且还感触感染有点儿落漠，古 人所说的梧桐一叶而全国知秋的遐想，约莫也就在这些深邃深挚的处所。Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. On getting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flower-like pistils fallen from locust trees. Quiet and smellless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn’s presence.

　　秋蝉的虚弱的残声，更是南国的特产，由于北平到处全长着树，房子又低，以是不管在甚么处所，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南边长短要上郊野或山上去才听获得的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在南边可和蟋蟀耗子一样，的确像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice.

　　另有秋雨哩，南边的秋雨，也仿佛比南边的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealing, more temperate.

　　在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵冷风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。一层雨过，云垂垂地卷向了西去，天又晴了，太阳又显露脸来了，着着很厚的青布单衣或 夹袄的城市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，碰见熟人，便会用了迟缓落拓的音调，微叹着互答着地说：A sudden gust of cool wind under the slaty sky, and raindrops will start pitter-pattering. Soon when the rain is over, the clouds begin gradually to roll towards the west and the sun comes out in the blue sky. Some idle townsfolk, wearing lined or unlined clothing made of thick cloth, will come out pipe in mouth and, loitering under a tree by the end of a bridge, exchange leisurely conversation with acquaintances with a slight touch of regret at the passing of time:

　　"可不是吗？一层秋雨一层凉了！""Oh, real nice and cool."

　　南边的果树，到秋季，也是一种奇景。第一是枣子树，屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，它城市一株株地长大起来。像橄榄又像鸽蛋似的这枣子颗儿，在 小卵形的细叶中间，显出淡绿微黄的色采的时辰，恰是秋的全盛期间，等枣树叶落，枣子红完，东南风就要起来了，南边便是沙尘灰土的天下，只要这枣子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是南国的清秋的佳日，是一年当中最好也不的Golden Days。Fruit trees in the North also make a wonderful sight in autumn. Take jujube tree for example. They grow everywhere - around the corner of a house, at the foot of a wall, by the side of a latrine or outside a kitchen door. It is at the height of autumn that jujubes, shaped like dates or pigeon eggs, make their appearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves. By the time when they have turned ruddy and the leaves fallen, the north-westerly wind will begin to reignsupreme and make a dusty world of the North. Only at the turn of July and August when jujubes, persimmons, grapes are 80-90 percent ripe will the North have the best of autumn - the golden days in a year.

　　有些攻讦家说，中国的文人学士，出格是墨客，都带着很浓厚的颓丧的色采，以是中国的诗文里，赞美秋的笔墨的出格的多。但本国的墨客，又未尝不然？ 我虽则本国诗文念的未几，也不想开出帐来，做一篇秋的诗歌散文钞，但你若去一翻英德法意等墨客的集子，或列国的诗文的Anthology来，总能够看到许 多并于秋的称道和悲啼。各闻名的大墨客的长篇故乡诗或四时诗里，也总以对秋的局部。写得最超卓而最有味。足见有感触感染的植物，无情趣的人类，对秋，老是 一样地出格能引发深邃深挚，幽远、峻厉、冷落的感应来的。不但是墨客，便是被封闭在监狱里的犯人，到了秋季，我想也必然能感应一种不能自已的密意，秋之于人， 未尝有国别，更未尝有人种阶层的区分呢？不过在中国，笔墨里有一个“秋士”的针言，读本里又有着很遍及的欧阳子的《秋声》与苏东坡的《赤壁赋》等，就感触感染 中国的文人，与秋和干系出格深了，但是这秋的深味，出格是中国的秋的深味，非要在南边，才感触感染获得底。Some literary critics say that Chinese literati, especially poets, are mostly disposed to be decadent, which accounts for predominance of Chinese works singing the praises of autumn. Well, the same is true of foreign poets, isn’t it? I haven’t read much of foreign poetry and prose, nor do I want to enumerate autumn-related poems and essays in foreign literature. But, if you browse through collected works of English, German, French or Italian poets, or various countries’ anthologies of poetry or prose, you can always comes across a great many literary pieces eulogizing or lamenting autumn. Long pastoral poems or songs about the four seasons byrenowned poets are mostly distinguished by beautiful moving lines on autumn. All that goes to show that all live creatures and sensitive humans alike are prone to the feeling of depth,remoteness, severity and bleakness. Not only poets, even convicts in prison, I suppose, have deep sentiments in autumn in spite of themselves. Autumn treats all humans alike, regardless of nationality, race or class. However, judging from Chinese idiom qiushi (autumn scholar, meaning and aged scholar grieving over frustrations in his life) and frequent selection in textbooks of Ouyang Xiu’s On the Autumn Sough and Su Dongpo’s On the Red Cliff, Chinese men of letters seem to be particularly autumn-minded. But, to know the real flavour of autumn, especiallyChina’s autumn, one has to visit the North.

　　南国之秋，固然也是有它的特异的处所的，比方廿四桥的明月，钱塘江的秋潮，普陀山的凉雾，荔枝湾的残荷等等，但是色采不浓，回味不永。比起南国的秋来，正像是黄酒之与白干，稀饭之与馍馍，鲈鱼之与大蟹，黄犬之与骆驼。Autumn in the South also has its unique features, such as the moonlit Ershisi Bridge in Yangzhou, the flowing sea tide at the Qiantangjiang River, the mist-shrouded Putuo Mountain and lotuses at the Lizhiwan Bay. But they all lack strong colour and lingering flavour. Southern autumn is to Northern autumn what yellow rice wine is to kaoliang wine, congee to steamed buns, perches to crabs, yellow dogs to camels.

　　秋季，这南国的秋季，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。Autumn, I mean Northern autumn, if only it could be made to last forever! I would be more than willing to keep but one-third of my life-span and have two-thirds of it bartered for the prolonged stay of the season!

　　一九三四年八月，在北平。August 1934, in Beiping.

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