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职称英语状语从句常识
在句子中起状语感化的句子叫做状语从句。状语从句能够位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首时，从句末凡是有逗号与主句离隔;位于句中时，从句的前后都必须有逗号;位于句末时，从句的后面能够不必逗号。状语从句按意思可分为时候、地址、缘由、前提、妥协、体例、比拟、目标和成果等状语从句。状语从句由隶属连词指导。1.时候状语从句
指导时候状语从句的连词有：after，as，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，
now (that)，as soon as，as long as，no sooner…than等。
有些名词短语也能够指导状语从句，如：
every time，the moment，the instant. When I saw her，she was watching closely at the photo on the wall. As the sun rose，the fog dispersed. The instant he received the letter，he started off at once. Every time he went to Beijing，he used to visit the Great Wall. as，when和while都能够表现主句中举措产生的背景，也能够表现主句的举措与从句的举措同时产生，如：
As he stood there，he heard what they were talking about. I stood up and wanted to go out，when she came in. till和until在主句谓语为延续性动词的必定式时，作“直到……为止”解，在主句谓语为刹时动词的否认式时作“直到……才”解，如：
Let‘s wait till / until the rain stops. I did not begin work till / until he had gone. once，directly，the moment，the instant和as soon as都作“一…就”解，凡是能够交换，如：
Once you understand this，you will surely make rapid progress in your study.由副词加隶属连词no sooner…than，hardly / barely / scarcely…when等指导的时 间状语从句，若是no sooner，hardly，barely，scarcely前置句首，主语与谓语须用倒装布局。如：
Hardly had the film started when they came. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.
2. 地址状语从句
地址状语从句凡是由where，wherever指导，如：
Where there is a will，there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.隶属连词还能与any，no，every等一路组成复合句，指导地址状语从句。如：
Everywhere you go，you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 体例状语从句
指导体例状语从句的连词有as，as if，as though等，从句凡是位于主句以后，如：
He had never blushed as she blushed then.(as作“根据”或“像”解。)
as if和as though都做“仿佛”解，二者能够交换，从句既可用陈说语气(表现能够合适实际的环境)，又可用假造语气(表现与实际不符的环境)，如：
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
4. 前提状语从句
指导前提状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as / so long as，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，in case，when等。前提状语从句能够分为实在前提状语从句和非实在前提状语从句。
⑴实在前提句：实在前提句表现实际或能够的环境，由if指导，它的主句能够是陈说句，疑难句或祈使句，可置于主句之前或以后。
If you heat ice，it melts. If it rained，I went by bus. unless指导的否认前提状语从句，在意思上相称于if…not，如：
Don‘t come unless I telephone. as / so long as，provided / providing (that)意为“只需、若是”，如：
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. in case在英国英语中表现目标，在美国英语中可表现前提，意为“若是、万一”，如：
In case the house burns down，we‘ll get the insurance money.
⑵非实在前提句请参阅第十一章“假造语气”。
5.妥协状语从句
指导妥协状语从句的连词有：although，though，even if，even though，if，for all that，when，while，whether…or，whatever，no matter what等。
although和though意思一样，都作“固然、即便”解，都表现妥协，普通环境下可交换利用，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。如：
They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese，he spent most of his life in China. even if
和even though都作“即便”解，二者能够交换利用，如：
She insisted on her own opinion even though / even if he was wrong. if作“即便、固然”解，也表现妥协，如：
If he is wrong，he is honest. whether…or作“不管……是不是”或“不管……仍是”解，如：
You don‘t have to worry me whether I am well or ill.为了夸大妥协意思，在正式体裁或文学作品中，经常利用as指导妥协从句，从句的补语或状语置于句首。如：
Tall as he was，he couldn‘t reach the top of the shelf. Strong as you may be，you cannot lift it.词尾为-ever的wh-词能够与“no matter wh-词”交换利用，作“不管……”解，后者经常利用于白话中，如：
Whoever / No matter who rings，tell him I‘m out. Wherever / No matter where he is，he will be thinking of you.由whenever，wherever，however指导的从句，也能够别离看做时 间状语从句、地址状语从句和体例状语从句。把它们看成妥协状语从句是由于它们常有no matter when (where，how)的寄义。
6.缘由状语从句
缘由状语从句凡是由because，since，as，when now (that)，seeing (that)，considering (that)等指导。
because，since和as三者的区分以下：
because的语势最强，其次是since，再次是as. because能够回覆why指导的特别问句，而since和as不能。
because指导的从句能够被just，only，simply等副词润色，也能够用并列连词组成并列的because从句，而since和as则不能。如：
We pardoned him only because he was still young. for表现缘由时，作“由于”解，多用于正式体裁，偶然能够与because换用，但for从句只能置于主句以后。如：
She didn‘t go to school，for / because she was ill. now (that)和seeing (that)都作“既然”解，凡是可与since或as换用，如：
Now (that) you have come，you may as well stay. Seeing (that) he is inexperienced，he is not fit for the work.
7. 成果状语从句
指导成果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that，such that，such…that，that等。
当从句后面有逗号时，so that中that可省略，如：
It was dark，so (that) we could see nothing in front of us.“So 描述词 / 副词 that”是指导成果状语从句的经常利用布局，如：
He talked so loud that he annoyed the speaker. He was so brilliant that he made a lot of inventions. “such (a) 描述词 名词 that”与“so…that”的意思不异，如：
It was such a hot day that people could not go out. He painted such beautiful pictures that the visitors were lost in admiration. that能够零丁指导成果状语从句，如：
The question is of great importance that it cannot be neglected.
8. 目标状语从句
指导目标状语从句的连词有：in order that，so that，so，that，in case，for fear that，lest等。
in order that与so that的意思和用法根基不异，in order that多用于正式体裁，常表现颠末当真斟酌的目标，如：
In order that he would have more space for painting，he bought a big house. You ought to write to him，in order that he won‘t feel we are hiding things from him. So和that可视为so that的省略情势，但不如so that经常利用，如：
Bring it closer so / that I may see it better. for fear that，in case和lest都表现否认的目标，相称于so that…not或in order that…not，作“以避免、以防”解。
He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it . lest限于正式体裁，它所指导的从句中的谓语动词多用should be型或be型假造情势，如：
He hid the box lest it (should) be stolen. in case指导的从句谓语既能够用假造情势，又可用陈说语气，如：
Better take more clothes in case it is cold. She doesn‘t dare to go out in case she is recognized / (should) be recognized.
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