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2017月雅思测验浏览懂得操练
雅思的浏览懂得向来是考生不备考的重难点，考生必须要在备考中多做操练，不时进步，能力在雅思测验中拿到比拟抱负的分数。上面是小编为大师清算的一篇2017月雅思测验浏览懂得操练，但愿对大师有用。
Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective
Published: February 5, 2007 New York Times
1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.
2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.
3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank’s, and should not enter their passwords.
4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.
5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.
6.“The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image,” said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. “From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time.”
7.He added: “If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better,” he said.
8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.
9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.
10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.
11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.
12.SiteKey “gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site,” said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. “It was very well received.”
13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.
14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank’s Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. “It’s not like we’re betting the bank on SiteKey,” he said.
15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user’s PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother’s maiden name.
16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.
17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, “has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers,” Ms. Dhamija said. “Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself.”
(811 words nytimes.com)
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.
2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn’t log on without seeing the correct pictures.
3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.
4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.
5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.
Questions 6-13
Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?
7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?
8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?
9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.
10.Where is PassMark Security located?
11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?
12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?
13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?
Answer keys
1. 第一段“Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.”似与标题问题笔墨很靠近，可是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个办法，而非泛指一切secondary security measure。原文不别的secondary security measure宁静有用性的内容。故应选择NG。
2. 见第4、5段内容。第四段 “But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.”即研讨职员撤下了图形，第五段“Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.”，有两小我由于宁静斟酌未进入。
3. T 见第6段。
4. F 见第11、14段。
5. F 见第11段“Bank of America was among the first to adopt it”，可见首批接纳图形辨认软件的银行并非Bank of America一家。
6. A financial institution 见第二段。
7. (their) passwords 见第三段。
8. less convenience 见第十段。
9. identity 见第八、十段。
10. Silicon Valley 见第十一段。
11. easy to use 见第十二段。
12. site maintenance message 见第十三段“When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured.”
13. 4 别离见第十段的“download new security software”和“hardware devices that feed them PIN codes”，第十五段的“a small software program, called a cookie”，和本文提到的site-authentication images。
附：雅思浏览标题题解题步骤
(1)先将例子地点的选项从选项列表中划去，同时，不读例子地点的段落。
每一个选项最多只能用一次，也便是说，两个段落的小标题不能够是一个选项。这是由于差别段落的大旨必定是差别的，原文将他们分为差别的段落，便是要别离说差别的内容。若是两段的大旨不异，即抒发的中间思惟分歧，应当将它们合为一段，是不须要分为两段的。
偶然，这类标题问题的请求中有如许一句话：You may use any heading more than once(你能够利用任何小标题跨越一次)。这句话纯属误导，也便是说，即便标题问题的请求中有这句话或近似的话，任何选项也不能够被利用两次以上。既然每一个选项最多只能用一次，以是例子地点的段落已利用的选项是不会被别的段落利用的，将其划去，以避免被别的的段落误选。并且在选别的段落的谜底时，能够不看该选项，节流时辰。例子地点的段落已给出了小标题，以是不用浏览该段落了，以避免华侈时辰，间接从下一段读起。
(2)不要先看选项，而要从文章动手，读一段话，做一道题。
大师先想一下，上面的做题方式好吗?先看第一个选项，读懂它的意义。而后读原文的各个段落，判定该选项是愿文纳个段落的小标题。而后根据一样的方式处置其他的各选项。如许的做法不好。由于选项的数量远弘远于原文段落的数量。以是如许做，不只破费的时辰良多，并且极易遭到搅扰选项的误导。很能够第一个选项便是搅扰项，你破费了良多时辰，将这个选项与原文的各段落绝对照，成果发明它是一个搅扰项，这已华侈了良多时辰。
精确方式：
先不要看选项，而是要先读文章。读文章的时辰，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假设原文的第一段已作为例子给出，那末，先读第二段，而后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。而后再读第三段，一样处置，直至实现。如许做，不只速率快，并且精确率高。
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