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2017年9月大众英语一级测验完型根本操练题
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Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or - independently of any course - simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means
[A]cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
[B]people whose knowledge of science is very limited.
[C]the scientific community.
[D]people who make good contribution to science.
2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
[A]it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
[B]Science affects almost every aspect of our life.
[C]Scientists live in a specific subculture.
[D]It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who
[A]are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.
[B]are good at producing various gadgets.
[C]work in a storehouse of dried facts.
[D]want to have a superficial understanding of science.
4. According to this passage.
[A]English is a sexist language.
[B]only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
[C]women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
[D]male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
5. This passage most probably is
[A]a book review.
[B]the preface of a book.
[C]the postscript of a book.
[D]the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary
1.subculture 亚文明群(指在一个社会或一种文明内具备怪异性的一群人)
2.superficial 浮浅的，陋劣的，外表的
3.lay person 内行，外行人，俗人
4.musty 发毒的，老拙的，陈旧的
5.gadget 小玩艺儿，小配件，新发现
6.pervasive 渗入的，满盈的，遍布的
7.populate 栖身于……中，在……中占一席之地
8.implicit 涵蓄的，内含的
9.unspecified 未出格提出的
10.offset 对消，弥补
写作方式与文章粗心
这是一篇书的叙言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方式先容了书的触及面及其功效。起首提出迷信是咱们文明的严重主题，但人们也该领会迷信家糊口的亚文明群，只要晓得一些鼓励和伤害迷信家的各类环境，能力懂得迷信的通俗特点及其特别概念。第二方面指出书的读者工具是对迷信博古通今的先生及外行人。书可作理工科课程的帮助(补充)读物，又可自力自成系统。它可坦荡人们迷信的视线，真正领会迷信、迷信家及其任务，懂得迷信和文明的干系，迷信概念和哲学的干系。第三方面指出亚文明群中妇女增加，进献庞大，而咱们的说话却隐含这性别的轻视，难以充实同等地反应妇女。最初指出手札息量大又具文娱性，寓教于乐。
谜底详解
1. C 迷信社区。谜底在第一段第二句，人们也该领会迷信家糊口在此中的亚文明群和他们是甚么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关迷信社区的画面和妇女对迷信亚文明的进献。可见迷信社区即亚文明。
A. 迷信家所构成各类文明群体。
B. 迷信常识无限的一些人。
C. 对迷信作出很大进献的人。
2.B 因为迷信几近影响到咱们糊口的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：迷信是咱们文明中的首要主题，因为它几近触及到咱们糊口的每方面，有常识的人最少须要熟习一些布局和感化。
A. 领会激起和伤害迷信家的任务可不太轻易。(比拟难)
C. 迷信家糊口在特定的亚文明群中。
D. 领会迷信的通俗特点比拟轻易。
3.A 不太领会迷信的大先生或外行人。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对迷信博古通今的大先生和外行人所写，为某些人，一向把迷信看做干巴巴的现实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人;为那种把迷信的首要目标视为出产小配件的人;为那些把迷信视为某种把戏的人而写。这申明首要为A项人所写，对迷信领会未几的大先生和通俗人。
B. 长于出产各类小配件。
C. 在干巴巴的现实堆砌的石屋中任务。
D. 绝对迷信有浮浅领会的人。
4.D 不该当用阳性的名词和代词去指迷信家。第三段集合讲了这本书供给切确而又古代的有关迷信社区(社会)和栖身在此中的人的画卷。最近几年来，愈来愈多的妇女包含出去，缘由是很多妇女进入传统上为汉子统治的范畴，并作出庞大进献，以是妇女在迷信亚文明群中的增加并不是罕有的偶尔事务，而是社会各部门较着趋向的构成局部。在会商其变更和进献时，咱们面对着隐含性别轻视的说话――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消弭这类公允，咱们在能够和须要时接纳了单数名词和代词来代替他或她。
A. 英语是一种性别说话。
B. 只要在迷信范畴中，妇女的感化增加很快。
C. 妇女在晓民咱们说话中的不恰当性作出了庞大的进献。按照此题正文申明这三项都错误。英语不能说成是有性别的说话，此中虽有些词性表现男性或女性。文内明白指迷信界妇女增加是全部社会的趋向的构成局部。因为妇女在迷信界的进献，以是不能再用阳性名词或代词去指迷信界，并不是在覆灭说话……
5.B 书的媒介，见文章粗心。
A. 书的批评。
C. 书跋、书的附录。
D. 书的论断局部。
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