- 相干保举
天下英语品级测验三级试题浏览教导
无所事事的人其实一无所能，无所不专的专家其实是一无所专，以下是小编为大师搜刮清算的天下英语品级测验三级试题浏览教导，但愿能给大师带来赞助!更多出色内容请实时存眷咱们应届毕业生测验网!
Passage Eleven (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer)
Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate-or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields-those having very longwave-lengths-and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
The report is no reason to panic-or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A]. studies on the cause of cancer
[B]. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer
[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.
[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.
2. The view-point of the EPA is
[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.
[B]. electricity really affects cancer.
[C]. controversial.
[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer
3. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because
[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.
[B]. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.
[C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.
[D]. they had different arguments.
4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon
[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.
[B]. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.
[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.
[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.
5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?
[A].They are indifferent. [B]. They are worried very much.
[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.
Vocabulary
1. preposterous 变态的，很是荒诞的，狠恶的
2. leukemia 白血病
3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤
4. legitimate 正当的，公道的
5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄图狂。这里指：无按照的耽忧。
6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤
7. carcinogen 致癌物
8. minuscule 很小的，很不首要
9. consensus 言论
10. wallop 乱窜，猛冲，打击力
11. epidemiological 风行病学的
12. blistering 罗嗦的，胡扯的
13. critique 攻讦，攻讦
14. imprimatur 出书允许(官方检查后的)，核准
难句译注
1. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate-or the worst kind of paranoia.
[参考译文] 由于这标题问题的证据还不是论断性的，并且经常是抵触的，以是就难以判定有关电力对身材的影响的挂念是符合道理，仍是毫无按照的思疑。
2. EPA——U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国情况掩护署
3. While the report falls short (缺少，4. 不5. 够) of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
[参考译文] 固然报告不把极低频磁场归类为能够致癌物，但它确切指出凡是60赫兹的磁场是“一种虽还不证实，但能够致使人患癌症的身分。”
6. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House
[参考译文] 证据争议性依然很大，以是报告草案在布什当局内引发庞大的争辩，而环保署疏忽无角大楼和白宫的激烈否决，发布了这份报告。
5. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
[参考译文] 这远比细胞所发生的电磁场低的多。
6. …and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.
[参考译文] 并且几十年来，迷信家专一于更加壮大的辐射种别，如X光射线，其聚合的打击力足以把电子从构成人体的份子中撞出来。
7. But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect.
[参考译文] 但是风行病学的研讨发明，几组材料在数据方面有所接洽干系，却不证实其因果干系。
8. a body of laboratory work 一批研讨功效。
9. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link.
[参考译文] 在长达33页的对环保署文件的很是锋利的攻讦中，空军方面的迷信家求全谴责，作者曲解全部文件以证实癌症和电磁场之间的接洽干系。
10. It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.
[参考译文] 使人惊奇的是环保署居然核准允许这份报告的出笼。
写作体例与文章粗心
文章以问答的体例，对照的写作体例，写出了环绕电力是不是影响安康——是不是致癌身分的两种概念，及其概念的根据。一种是美国情况掩护署为代表的：极低频磁场是一种能够但还未被证实的致癌身分，并且疏忽白宫和五角大楼否决，发布了这份报告。来由是迷信证据提出了二者之间的接洽干系偶尔性。另外一种以空军中迷信家为主的概念：电磁场不会引发或触发癌症，并且以曲解全部文件来证实二者之干系，攻讦了环保署。其来由大家皆知。因戎行中任一单元都有点——从空中雷达到舰艇飞机防守体系。
谜底祥解
1. D 电力对癌症影响的差别2. 概念。文章一起头就提出了“电会致癌吗?”这个标题问题。十多年来，3. 一多量迷信家和消息界人士都指4. 出：研讨成果仿佛表现：打仗电磁场能够会增添患白血病和其余恶性肿瘤的风险性。以是说到今朝为止还难以肯定电力对安康的影响现实是感性的，5. 仍是庸人自扰。见难句正文1。第二段发布了环保署的报告，6. 见难句正文3。第三段申明：即便有致癌风险也是极微的。但应予以当真看待， 7. 停止更多的研讨。而8. 第七段中空军方面的迷信家还不被压服9. (见难句正文9)，10. 明白提出， 11. 咱们的攻讦员以为不迹象申明情况中存在的电力会引发或促发癌症。
A. 对致癌身分的研讨。 B. 致癌缘由方面有争议的概念，这两项底子队伍，和文内电力毫无干系。 C. 电力和癌症的干系，文中触及的是电力现实会不会致癌的两种概念，而不是二者之干系。
12. A. 电和致癌有一定难以肯定的干系。谜底在第二段第三句，13. 环保署今朝的论断是据迷信证据指14. 出极低频电磁场——具备长波的电磁场——和白血病，15. 淋巴瘤及脑癌之间有着难以肯定的接洽，16. 见难句正文3。
A. 电确切致癌，毛病。 C. 有争议的。说的不够清晰，争议甚么。 D. 低频磁场是一个能够致癌身分。这只是论点的一面。
17. B. 古代军事的任何部分都一向依靠于利用大批利用电子装备18. 。五角大楼和白宫以是不是决环保署发布报告之来由就在此。空军方面的专家以是说环保署方面的报告“曲解了全部文件以证实二者之间的干系”也在此。见难句正文4。以是文内说“角大楼的存眷是能够懂得的。”
A. 报告会在布什当局内引发大范围的争辩，这是成果。 C. 五角大楼的存眷是能够懂得的，这不是缘由。 D. 他们有差别的概念。
19. 磁场力太弱不20. 会发生无害感化。谜底在第四段第二，21. 三句，22. 当电流经由过程电缆，23. 发生磁场， 24. 对四周物体发生(影响)力。很多年来，25. 迷信家把任何有关“这些力能够无害的设法”置于一边(不26. 予斟酌)， 27. 首要是由于它们(所发生的力)很是弱。
B. 磁场力比细胞发生的电磁场弱。只是明白指出的现实。 C. 磁场力对人的安康无害。毛病。 D. 只要更强的辐射能力把人体中的电子击出来。毛病。
28. C. 他们会采用谨严谨慎避开电器的路子。由于他们不29. 能够象A项那样漠不30. 关怀。这类标题问题间接影响人的性命。
B. 他们很是耽忧。 D. 他们感应震动，这两项都不能够，由于还在争议中，独一的路子是尽可能避开和电器打仗。
【天下英语品级测验三级试题浏览教导】相干文章：
天下英语品级测验三级摹拟试题201709-15
天下英语品级测验pets三级试题考前必备07-21
天下英语品级测验三级浏览冲刺摹拟试题06-16
天下英语品级测验三级浏览懂得专项试题08-31
天下英语品级测验三级辞汇选项备测验题08-08
天下英语品级测验pets四级浏览教导06-19
天下英语品级测验二级浏览教导习题08-05
2017天下英语品级测验三级测验纲领10-09