天下英语品级测验三级浏览题精选
在察看的范畴中，机缘只偏心那种有筹办的脑筋。以下是小编为大师搜刮清算的天下英语品级测验三级浏览题精选，但愿能给大师带来赞助!更多出色内容请实时存眷咱们应届毕业生测验网!
When it comes to air pollution, the simple life isn’t necessarily the safest. The most poisonous atmosphere in Asia is found not in rapidly modernizing cities like New Delhi or Beijing but inside the kitchens of homes in rural Asia. Millions of families in the countryside heat their abodes and cook with open fires using cheap fuels that belch carbon monoxide and other noxious fumes at level up to 500 times international safety limits. Rural women and children often spend hours each day in poorly, ventilated kitchens, breathing this putrid air. “This is a problem that has been around forever, as long as humankind has existed, but it’s been ignored,” says Eva Rehfuess, a World Health Organization expert on indoor air pollution. “If you walked into these kitchens, your eyes would start tearing and you would find it difficult to breathe. It’s terrible. ”
The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution cause 1.6 million deaths per year in developing countries around the world, up to 555,000 of which occur in India alone-and overwhelmingly it’s the poor who are dying. Villagers have no choice but to use wood, coal or dung fires, raising the risk that young children will be killed by carboj-monoxide poisoning or a bad case of pneumonia ravaging weakened lungs. Likewise, the women who typically keep their home fires burning are vulnerable to chronic respiratory diseases. “Day in and day out for 50 years, some of these women might be cooking six hours a day, exposed to pollutions,” says Rehfuess.
Curtailing indoor air pollution can be as simple as replacing open wood fires with better-ventilated cookstoves, but more sophisticated stoves can cost up to $120. China and India, home to the world’s largest rural populations, have launched ambitious national programs in recent decades to supply villagers with safer stoves at subsidized prices. But the programs have not always worked, in India, for example, some 33 million stoves were given out free to villagers in rural areas from 1984 to 2000—but because of a lack of health education or follow-up maintenance, most families abandoned the cookstoves for their old fires within a few years.
That’s left nongovernmental organizations like the shell Foundation to step into the gap. It has begun a pilot program with local Indian NGOs in a pair of rural states to develop and market clean, wood-burning stoves that cost just $5-$10 yet can reduce emissions by up to 40%. The project is on track to sell 1000,000 stoves by the end of 2005, and the groups plan to expand the program nationally in the future. Program manager Karen Westley says Shell and its partner NGOs made an effort to sell their customers not just more efficient tools but also the idea that different is better. “You have to make sure people actually want that damn thing,” says Westely. “They need to make the connection between having a better stove, breathing less smoke and experiencing better health in the end.”
But habits ingrained by tradition can be hard to break. “They’ve been living with this always, and so have their mothers and grandmothers,” says Rehfuess. “You have to give people the felling they can do something about it.” And that they’ll breathe a lot easier for their trouble.
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说到氛围净化，并不是说简略的平常糊口就一定是最宁静的。研讨显现，在亚洲，毒气最浓的氛围并不在新德里和北京如许的古代化速率很快的都会，而是在亚洲村落家庭的厨房里。在村落，上百万的家庭用明火取暖和或是做饭，他们利用的是便宜的燃料，这些燃料所开释的一氧化碳量和其余有毒雾量是国际规范的500倍。村落地域的妇女和孩子常常天天在透风不好的'厨房里待上几个小时，呼吸这类有毒的氛围。“这个题目从人类降生以来就一向存在着，可是却一向被轻忽了，”一名名叫伊娃.瑞弗丝的天下卫生构造室内氛围净化方面的专家说道，“走进厨房你的眼睛就起头堕泪，并且你会感受呼吸坚苦，这太恐怖了。”
天下卫生构造估量，在成长中国度，室内氛围净化形成每一年160万人灭亡，此中印度占55万——并且灭亡的大局部都是贫民。村民们除用木头，煤或是粪肥来烧火以外别无挑选，如许会增添小孩子一氧化碳中毒灭亡的风险，肺功效削弱，肺炎抱病率增添。一样，那些在家里生火的妇女很轻易得慢性呼吸道疾病。瑞弗丝说“有些妇女一天要花6小时做饭，五十年里日复一日，天天都糊口在净化中。”
削减室内氛围净化实在很是简略，只要用一套透风比拟好的厨灶来取代木头生火就能够了，可是比拟高等的厨灶要花120美圆。中国和印度是天下上两个村落地域生齿最多的国度，在比来几十年里启动了天下规模的救济名目，以补贴价钱供应村落住民宁静机能最好的厨灶。可是，这个名目并不是一向起感化。比方，印度当局在1984-2000年间收费发放了三百三十万套灶给村落地域农人，可是因为贫乏安康常识教导和相干保护，大都家庭几年以后就又回到他们本来的取火体例了。
这使得一些像谢尔基金会如许的非当局构造到场出去。该构造与印度本地非当局构造在一些村落地域起头小规模尝试名目，开辟和推行清洁的、熄灭木头的厨灶，并使之市场化。如许厨灶能够削减40%的氧化排放量，并且只要要5-10美圆。这个名目打算到2005年底出卖15套厨灶，该构造筹办此后在天下规模内推行这个名目。该名目标司理凯温.威斯特里说谢尔和它的非当局构造协作火伴尽力发卖给主顾的不光是一种最高效的工具，并且另有一种理念，那便是：有所转变会更好。威斯特里说：“你必须要肯定人们确切想要那工具与他们终究须要的接洽，即在具有一套好的厨灶，少呼吸烟雾和休会到安康的身材这三者之间成立一种接洽。”
可是积重难返的传统习气很难转变。瑞弗丝说：“他们一向是如许糊口的，包含他们的母亲和祖母也是如许糊口的，你须要给他们一种感受，那便是他们能够对此做些转变。”如许人们会对本身的费事事感应轻松很多。
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